Ganges | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Ganges


00:01:56 1 Course
00:08:16 2 Geology
00:09:14 3 Hydrology
00:17:50 4 History
00:21:52 5 Religious and cultural significance
00:22:03 5.1 Embodiment of sacredness
00:23:54 5.2 iAvatarana/i Descent of the Ganges
00:24:25 5.3 Redemption of the Dead
00:27:19 5.4 The Purifying Ganges
00:27:38 5.5 Consort, Shakti, and Mother
00:30:30 5.6 Ganges in classical Indian iconography
00:32:15 5.7 Kumbh Mela
00:35:52 6 Irrigation
00:40:46 6.1 Canals
00:41:59 6.2 Dams and barrages
00:42:41 7 Economy
00:46:29 7.1 Tourism
00:47:54 8 Ecology and environment
00:48:47 8.1 Fish
00:49:26 8.2 Crocodilians and turtles
00:52:47 8.3 Ganges river dolphin
00:56:21 8.4 Effects of climate change
00:57:34 9 Pollution and environmental concerns
00:58:51 9.1 Water shortages
01:00:26 9.2 Mining
01:07:08 10 See also
01:08:05 11 Notes
01:08:32 12 References



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SUMMARY
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The Ganges ( GAN-jeez), or Ganga (Hindustani: [ˈɡəŋɡaː]; Sanskrit: गंगा), is a trans-boundary river of the Indian subcontinent which flows through the nations of India and Bangladesh. The 2,525 km (1,569 mi) river rises in the western Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and flows south and east through the Gangetic Plain of North India. After entering West Bengal, it divides into two rivers: the Hooghly River and the Padma River. The Hooghly, or Adi Ganga, flows through several districts of West Bengal and into the Bay of Bengal near Sagar Island. The other, the Padma, also flows into and through Bangladesh, and also empties into the Bay of Bengal.
The Ganga is one of the most sacred rivers to Hindus. It is also a lifeline to millions of Indians who live along its course and depend on it for their daily needs. It is worshipped in Hinduism and personified as the goddess Gaṅgā. It has also been important historically, with many former provincial or imperial capitals (such as Bikrampur, Dhaka,Sonargaon, Rajshahi, Kannauj, Kampilya, Kara, Prayag or Allahabad, Kashi, Pataliputra or Patna, Hajipur, Munger, Bhagalpur, Murshidabad, Baharampur, Nabadwip, Saptagram and Kolkata) located on its banks.
The Ganges is highly polluted. Pollution threatens not only humans, but also more than 140 fish species, 90 amphibian species and the endangered Ganges river dolphin. The levels of fecal coliform bacteria from human waste in the waters of the river near Varanasi are more than 100 times the Indian government's official limit. The Ganga Action Plan, an environmental initiative to clean up the river, has been a major failure thus far, due to rampant corruption, lack of will on behalf of the government and its bureaucracy, lack of technical expertise, poor environmental planning, and lack of support from religious authorities.